吸送式根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的真空度，可分為低真空（真空度小于9．8kPa）和高真空（真空度為40～60kPa）兩種。

According to the vacuum degree of the system, suction type can be divided into two types: low vacuum (vacuum degree less than 9.8kPa) and high vacuum (vacuum degree of 40-60kPa).

壓送式根據(jù)系統(tǒng)作用壓力，可分為高壓壓力為（1～7）×105Pa和低壓（壓力在0．5×105Pa以下）兩種。

According to the system pressure, the pressure delivery type can be divided into two types: high pressure (1-7) × 105Pa and low pressure (pressure below 0.5 × 105Pa).

此外還有在系統(tǒng)中既有吸送又有壓送的混合系統(tǒng)、封閉循環(huán)系統(tǒng)（空氣作閉路循環(huán)，物料可全部回收）和脈沖氣力輸送系統(tǒng)。下面分別對低真空吸送系統(tǒng)和脈沖氣力輸送系統(tǒng)作概略介紹。

In addition, there are mixed systems with both suction and compression in the system, closed loop systems (where air circulates in a closed loop and all materials can be recovered), and pulse pneumatic conveying systems. Below are brief introductions to the low vacuum suction system and pulse pneumatic conveying system.

1. 低真空吸送系統(tǒng)。這種系統(tǒng)是依靠風(fēng)機(jī)的抽力，使整個系統(tǒng)在負(fù)壓下工作。系統(tǒng)的真空度較低，一般為6～8kPa。由落砂機(jī)落下的舊砂，經(jīng)篩分除去大的鐵塊及雜物，用皮帶機(jī)將舊砂送至磁選筒，除去鐵渣。在負(fù)壓作用下，舊砂和空氣一起被吸入喉管。喉管的作用是接受物料（舊砂），并吸入空氣使物料啟動、加速后送入輸料管，經(jīng)輸料管進(jìn)入分離器。在分離器中物料被分離出來，落入貯料斗備用。含塵氣體經(jīng)除塵器凈化后，經(jīng)風(fēng)機(jī)排入大氣。

1. Low vacuum suction system. This system relies on the suction force of the fan to operate the entire system under negative pressure. The vacuum degree of the system is relatively low, usually 6-8 kPa. The old sand dropped by the sand dropping machine is screened to remove large iron blocks and debris, and then sent to the magnetic separator by a belt conveyor to remove iron slag. Under negative pressure, old sand and air are sucked into the throat together. The function of the throat is to receive the material (old sand) and suck in air to start and accelerate the material before sending it into the conveying pipe, which then enters the separator. The material is separated in the separator and falls into the storage hopper for later use. After being purified by a dust collector, the dusty gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a fan.

低真空吸送系統(tǒng)具有設(shè)備比較簡單，使用和維修簡便，適用于數(shù)處進(jìn)料向一處輸送，吸料點(diǎn)處無粉塵飛揚(yáng)，管道和設(shè)備不嚴(yán)密處不會冒塵等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是它的輸送距離短，生產(chǎn)率（輸料量）比較低。為了提升輸送距離和生產(chǎn)率，可以采用高真空吸送系統(tǒng)。

The low vacuum suction system has the advantages of relatively simple equipment, easy use and maintenance, suitable for conveying materials from several places to one place, no dust flying at the suction point, and no dust emission at loose pipes and equipment. But its conveying distance is short and its productivity (material throughput) is relatively low. In order to increase the conveying distance and productivity, a high vacuum suction system can be used.

2. 脈沖氣力輸送。以柱塞流（間斷流）的形式輸送物料的方法稱為脈沖氣力輸送。

2. Pulse pneumatic conveying. The method of conveying materials in the form of plunger flow (intermittent flow) is called pulse pneumatic conveying.

脈沖氣力輸送是國外于20世紀(jì)60年代發(fā)展起來的一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，我國于20世紀(jì)70年代中開始引進(jìn)。近年來已在化工、機(jī)械、建材、冶金、輕工等部門得到應(yīng)用。其工作原理是：被輸送物料由料斗進(jìn)入壓送罐（罐內(nèi)壓力約為60～220kPa），在壓縮空氣作用下進(jìn)入輸料管。脈沖氣流通過氣刀（氣刀壓力約為80～240kPa）進(jìn)入管道。這樣，物料即被氣刀分隔成不連續(xù)的固體流（柱塞流）而被輸送。物料柱塞的長度可由氣刀的脈沖氣流來控制，氣刀間斷地向輸料管內(nèi)通入空氣，切割料柱，使之成為不連續(xù)的柱塞流（即一段料柱塞，一段氣柱塞），靠氣體靜壓推動輸送。氣刀是一種由電磁閥控制的通氣閥門，電磁閥由脈沖信號發(fā)生器控制，按所需的啟閉時(shí)間作脈沖送氣，使由壓送罐下來的粉粒狀物料被空氣割刀切成相同長度的物料柱塞。

Pulse pneumatic conveying is a new technology developed abroad in the 1960s and introduced to China in the mid-1970s. In recent years, it has been applied in sectors such as chemical industry, machinery, building materials, metallurgy, and light industry. Its working principle is that the conveyed material enters the pressure feeding tank (with a pressure of about 60-220kPa inside the tank) from the hopper, and enters the conveying pipe under the action of compressed air. Pulse airflow enters the pipeline through an air knife (with a pressure of approximately 80-240kPa). In this way, the material is separated into discontinuous solid flows (plunger flows) by the air knife and transported. The length of the material plunger can be controlled by the pulse airflow of the air knife. The air knife intermittently introduces air into the feeding tube to cut the material column, making it a discontinuous plunger flow (i.e. one section of material plunger, one section of air plunger), which is driven by gas static pressure for transportation. An air knife is a ventilation valve controlled by an electromagnetic valve. The electromagnetic valve is controlled by a pulse signal generator and sends air pulses according to the required opening and closing time, so that the powder and granular materials from the pressure feeding tank are cut into material plungers of the same length by the air cutting knife.

脈沖氣力輸送系統(tǒng)由于具有生產(chǎn)率高（料氣比M可達(dá)30～300），輸送距離長（可達(dá)500m），耗氣量少，輸送風(fēng)速低（一般只有1～2m/s），管道磨損少，輸送過程中物料不易破碎，能耗較低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因而是一種很有發(fā)展前途的氣力輸送方式。

Pulse pneumatic conveying system is a promising pneumatic conveying method due to its high productivity (material to gas ratio M can reach 30-300), long conveying distance (up to 500m), low air consumption, low conveying wind speed (generally only 1-2m/s), minimal pipeline wear, low material breakage during conveying, and low energy consumption.

pneumatic conveying 又稱氣流輸送。利用氣流的能量，在密閉管道內(nèi)沿氣流方向輸送顆粒狀物料，是流態(tài)化技術(shù)的一種具體應(yīng)用。氣力輸送裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，操作方便，可作水平的、垂直的或傾斜方向的輸送，在輸送過程中還可同時(shí)進(jìn)行物料的加熱、冷卻、干燥和氣流分級等物理操作或某些化學(xué)操作。與機(jī)械輸送相比，此法能量消耗較大，顆粒易受破損，設(shè)備也易受磨蝕。含水量多、有粘附性或在高速運(yùn)動時(shí)易產(chǎn)生靜電的物料，不宜于進(jìn)行氣力輸送。

Pneumatic conveying, also known as airflow transport. Utilizing the energy of airflow to transport granular materials along the direction of airflow in a closed pipeline is a specific application of fluidization technology. The structure of the pneumatic conveying device is simple and easy to operate. It can be used for horizontal, vertical, or inclined conveying. During the conveying process, it can also perform physical operations such as heating, cooling, drying, and air flow classification, as well as certain chemical operations. Compared with mechanical conveying, this method consumes more energy, particles are easily damaged, and equipment is also susceptible to abrasion. Materials with high moisture content, adhesive properties, or prone to static electricity during high-speed movement are not suitable for pneumatic conveying.

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