氣力輸送系統(tǒng)的成功運(yùn)行，關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)物料特性和工藝需求進(jìn)行科學(xué)選型與合理設(shè)計(jì)。沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)能”的輸送系統(tǒng)，選型的核心在于深刻理解并準(zhǔn)確分析待輸送物料的特性。

The successful operation of pneumatic conveying systems relies on scientific selection and rational design based on material characteristics and process requirements. There is no universal conveying system, the core of selection lies in a deep understanding and precise analysis of the characteristics of the material to be conveyed.

物料特性分析是選型的基礎(chǔ)。決定系統(tǒng)選型的八大關(guān)鍵物料特性包括：粒度分布與形狀、堆積密度與真實(shí)密度、濕度與含水率、粘附性與團(tuán)聚性、磨蝕性、易碎性、吸濕性與潮解性等。細(xì)粉料（如面粉、水泥）通常具有較好的流動(dòng)性，適合稀相系統(tǒng)；大顆?；驂K狀物料需要更高的氣流速度，可能更適合密相輸送。高磨蝕性物料（如石英砂、礦物填料）會(huì)迅速磨損普通管道，建議采用陶瓷內(nèi)襯管道等耐磨材料。對(duì)于需要保持顆粒完整性的產(chǎn)品（如塑料顆粒、谷物），應(yīng)選擇低速密相輸送以非常大限度地減少破碎。

Material characteristic analysis is the foundation of selection. The eight key material characteristics that determine system selection include: particle size distribution and shape, bulk density and true density, humidity and moisture content, adhesion and agglomeration, abrasion, fragility, moisture absorption and deliquescence, etc. Fine powders (such as flour and cement) usually have good flowability and are suitable for dilute phase systems; Large particles or block materials require higher airflow velocity and may be more suitable for dense phase transportation. Highly abrasive materials such as quartz sand and mineral fillers can quickly wear down ordinary pipelines, and wear-resistant materials such as ceramic lined pipelines must be used. For products that require maintaining particle integrity, such as plastic pellets and grains, low-speed dense phase transportation should be chosen to minimize breakage.

工藝參數(shù)確定是設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。確定輸送方式后，需要選擇輸送固氣比（即輸送物料質(zhì)量流量與輸送氣體質(zhì)量流量之比），再根據(jù)輸送工藝要求確定輸送管徑、輸送壓力和輸送氣量等參數(shù)。通常輸送管徑越大，輸送壓力越低，而輸送氣量越高。系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)還需計(jì)算整個(gè)輸送管路的壓力損失，并根據(jù)所需風(fēng)量和總壓損失選擇合適的風(fēng)機(jī)類型和容量。

The determination of process parameters is a key step in design. After determining the conveying method, it is necessary to choose the conveying solid gas ratio (i.e. the ratio of the mass flow rate of the conveyed material to the mass flow rate of the conveyed gas), and then determine the parameters such as the conveying pipe diameter, conveying pressure, and conveying gas volume according to the requirements of the conveying process. Usually, the larger the diameter of the conveying pipe, the lower the conveying pressure, and the higher the conveying gas volume. The design of the system also requires calculating the pressure loss of the entire conveying pipeline, and selecting the appropriate fan type and capacity based on the required air volume and total pressure loss.

操作壓力是系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的重要參數(shù)。通常氣力輸送的操作壓力范圍在0.1～0.6MPa之間，具體值取決于輸送距離、物料密度及管路布局。當(dāng)輸送距離長(zhǎng)或物料顆粒較重時(shí)，需要更高的氣源壓力；而在短距離或輕質(zhì)物料工況中，應(yīng)保持較低壓力以節(jié)能降耗。

Operating pressure is an important parameter for system operation. The operating pressure range of pneumatic conveying is usually between 0.1 and 0.6 MPa, depending on the conveying distance, material density, and pipeline layout. When the conveying distance is long or the material particles are heavy, higher gas source pressure is required; In short distance or lightweight material working conditions, lower pressure should be maintained to save energy and reduce consumption.

氣力輸送系統(tǒng)因其密閉、安全、自動(dòng)化程度高等特性，在眾多工業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。

Pneumatic conveying systems are widely used in many industrial fields due to their closed, safe, and highly automated characteristics.

化工行業(yè)是氣力輸送系統(tǒng)非常重要的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域之一。系統(tǒng)廣泛用于聚乙烯、聚丙烯等合成樹(shù)脂的粉粒料輸送。正壓密相氣力輸送系統(tǒng)在化工行業(yè)用于粉煤、水泥、石灰等物料的輸送。天華院發(fā)布的新一代智能化氣力輸送系統(tǒng)已在化工、醫(yī)藥、新材料等領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)工程化應(yīng)用，覆蓋聚烯烴、彈性體、高純聚乙烯隔膜料等物料，每小時(shí)輸送能力從0.5噸到35噸不等。在聚烯烴、新材料等領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)2.5～35噸/小時(shí)的稀相輸送，在耐磨催化劑及彈性體物料領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)2.5～15噸/小時(shí)的密相輸送。此外，氣力輸送技術(shù)還成功應(yīng)用于海上油田規(guī)?；⒕壑械木酆衔锔煞圩詣?dòng)化輸送。

The chemical industry is one of the most important application areas of pneumatic conveying systems. The system is widely used for conveying powder and granular materials of synthetic resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Positive pressure dense phase pneumatic conveying system is used in the chemical industry for conveying materials such as coal powder, cement, lime, etc. The new generation intelligent pneumatic conveying system released by Tianhua Institute has been applied in engineering fields such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and new materials, covering materials such as polyolefins, elastomers, and high-purity polyethylene membranes. The hourly conveying capacity ranges from 0.5 tons to 35 tons. Realize dilute phase transportation of 2.5-35 tons/hour in the fields of polyolefins, new materials, etc., and dense phase transportation of 2.5-15 tons/hour in the fields of wear-resistant catalysts and elastic materials. In addition, pneumatic conveying technology has been successfully applied to the automated transportation of polymer dry powder in large-scale polymer injection in offshore oil fields.

食品行業(yè)中，氣力輸送常用于面粉、糖、奶粉等原料的清潔輸送。稀相負(fù)壓氣力輸送系統(tǒng)以其快捷、清潔、靈活的特點(diǎn)，在食品行業(yè)得到廣泛應(yīng)用，通過(guò)在封閉管道內(nèi)形成負(fù)壓，既提高了輸送效率，又保證了潔凈的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境。

In the food industry, pneumatic conveying is commonly used for clean conveying of raw materials such as flour, sugar, and milk powder. The dilute phase negative pressure pneumatic conveying system is widely used in the food industry due to its high efficiency, cleanliness, and flexibility. By forming negative pressure in a closed pipeline, it not only improves conveying efficiency but also ensures a clean production environment.

建材行業(yè)利用氣力輸送系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)水泥、石灰粉等散料的長(zhǎng)距離傳送。相比皮帶輸送，氣力輸送占地更少且不受地形限制。

The building materials industry utilizes pneumatic conveying systems to achieve long-distance transportation of bulk materials such as cement and lime powder. Compared to belt conveyors, pneumatic conveyors require less land and are not limited by terrain.

電力行業(yè)中，氣力輸灰系統(tǒng)用于電廠粉煤灰的輸送與處理。冶金行業(yè)中，國(guó)內(nèi)首套全國(guó)產(chǎn)化氫基豎爐熱態(tài)直接還原鐵氣力輸送技術(shù)在寶鋼湛江鋼鐵近零碳產(chǎn)線成功投用，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)成功打破國(guó)外技術(shù)壟斷。

In the power industry, pneumatic ash conveying systems are used for the transportation and processing of fly ash in power plants. In the metallurgical industry, the first domestically produced hydrogen based vertical furnace hot direct reduction iron pneumatic conveying technology has been successfully put into use on Baosteel Zhanjiang Iron and Steel's near zero carbon production line, marking China's successful breaking of foreign technological monopolies.

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