氣力輸送系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)選型是一項(xiàng)綜合性工程，需要統(tǒng)籌考慮物料特性、輸送工藝要求、系統(tǒng)配置和經(jīng)濟(jì)性等多重因素。設(shè)計(jì)前建議掌握物料的基本屬性，包括真實(shí)比重、堆積比重、粒徑分布以及其他物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)等。物料的屬性決定了適合采用何種輸送形態(tài)——例如，從鈦白粉的特性就可以判斷其適合于稀相輸送，而不適合于密相輸送。輸送工藝要求包括水平長度、提升高度、彎頭數(shù)量、設(shè)計(jì)輸送量等。

The design and selection of pneumatic conveying systems is a comprehensive project that requires consideration of multiple factors such as material characteristics, conveying process requirements, system configuration, and economy. Before design, it is necessary to master the basic properties of materials, including true specific gravity, bulk specific gravity, particle size distribution, and other physical and chemical properties. The properties of the material determine which conveying form is suitable - for example, the characteristics of titanium dioxide can determine that it is suitable for dilute phase conveying and not suitable for dense phase conveying. The requirements for conveying technology include horizontal length, lifting height, number of bends, designed conveying capacity, etc.

在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程中，需要計(jì)算的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)主要包括生產(chǎn)率、混合比、風(fēng)速、風(fēng)量、管道直徑、壓力損失和風(fēng)機(jī)效率等。生產(chǎn)率的計(jì)算和確定是設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)和選型的主要依據(jù)之一?；旌媳龋蠚獗龋┦侵竼挝粫r(shí)間內(nèi)輸送物料質(zhì)量與所需空氣質(zhì)量的比值，是決定系統(tǒng)能耗和輸送效率的核心參數(shù)。風(fēng)速的確定尤為關(guān)鍵——過快的速度不僅會浪費(fèi)能源，還會加劇物料顆粒對管壁的沖擊和碰撞，增加給料管、彎頭等處的磨損，導(dǎo)致設(shè)備使用壽命縮短。管道直徑的計(jì)算需要綜合考慮所需風(fēng)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)流速，通常不考慮泄漏系數(shù)。壓力損失的計(jì)算則包括物料加速引起的壓力損失、彎頭及其他管道附件的壓力損失等。將這些因素準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算，氣力輸送的輸送效率將會有很大的提高。

In the system design process, the key parameters that need to be calculated mainly include productivity, mixing ratio, wind speed, air volume, pipeline diameter, pressure loss, and fan efficiency. The calculation and determination of productivity is one of the main criteria for equipment design and selection. The mixing ratio (material to air ratio) refers to the ratio of the mass of transported materials to the required air mass per unit time, and is the core parameter that determines the energy consumption and transportation efficiency of the system. The determination of wind speed is particularly crucial - excessive speed not only wastes energy, but also exacerbates the impact and collision of material particles on the pipe wall, increases wear and tear on feeding pipes, bends, and other areas, leading to a shortened service life of the equipment. The calculation of pipeline diameter requires comprehensive consideration of the required air volume and economic flow rate, and usually does not take into account the leakage coefficient. The calculation of pressure loss includes pressure loss caused by material acceleration, pressure loss of elbows and other pipeline accessories, etc. By accurately calculating these factors, the conveying efficiency of pneumatic conveying will be greatly improved.

在工程應(yīng)用中，管道彎頭的設(shè)計(jì)和選型是保證系統(tǒng)長期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。粉料在彎管中運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，其壓力損失和管壁磨損均較大，具有粘附性的細(xì)粉塵容易附著在彎管處，嚴(yán)重時(shí)會造成不能正常輸送。工程實(shí)踐中常采用耐磨彎頭、加大彎頭半徑、設(shè)置補(bǔ)氣裝置等措施來減輕磨損。在火電廠輸灰系統(tǒng)中，彎頭磨損是常見的運(yùn)行問題，有時(shí)運(yùn)行1個(gè)月就可能出現(xiàn)磨漏點(diǎn)。針對這一問題，可采用優(yōu)化彎頭結(jié)構(gòu)形式、選用耐磨材質(zhì)、合理設(shè)置補(bǔ)氣點(diǎn)等手段加以解決。隨著計(jì)算流體力學(xué)與離散元耦合法（CFD-DEM）等數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，氣力輸送系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)正在從經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)向準(zhǔn)確化、仿真化方向邁進(jìn)。

In engineering applications, the design and selection of pipeline elbows are key factors in ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. When the powder moves in the bent pipe, its pressure loss and pipe wall wear are both significant. Fine dust with adhesive properties is prone to adhere to the bent pipe, and in severe cases, it can cause abnormal transportation. In engineering practice, measures such as wear-resistant elbows, increasing the radius of elbows, and installing air supply devices are often used to reduce wear and tear. In the ash conveying system of thermal power plants, elbow wear is a common operating problem, and sometimes leakage points may occur after one month of operation. To address this issue, measures such as optimizing the structure of the elbow, selecting wear-resistant materials, and reasonably setting up air supply points can be taken to solve it. With the application of numerical simulation techniques such as computational fluid dynamics and discrete element coupling method (CFD-DEM), the design of pneumatic conveying systems is moving from empirical design to precision and simulation.

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